As essential apparatus in crime analysis, crime mapping and Geographical Information Systems (GIS) are being progressively more accepted by police agencies. Development in technology and the accessibility of geographic data sources make it feasible for police departments to use GIS and crime mapping. GIS and crime mapping can be utilized as devices to discover reasons contributing to crime, and hence let law enforcement agencies proactively take action against the crime problems before they become challenging. The purpose of this study is to conduct a literature review of Geographical Information System and Crime Mapping in Crime Analysis and to propose policy recommendations regarding to implementation of crime mapping and GIS. To achieve this purpose, first a historical evaluation of GIS and crime mapping will be rendered and then the importance of place will be explained in terms of assessing crime problems accurately.
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The primary goal of this study is to successfully develop a Geographic Crime Information Reporting System at a station in Mandaue City, an electronic blotter that uses Geographical Information System (GIS) in recording crime information. The "Geographic Crime Information Reporting System" contains a Geo Spatial Crime Visualization module that loads and displays the maps from shape files. The Crime Management Module to assign coordinates in the map given by the user to be stored in a Database. The Geographic Crime Information Analyzer analyzes the data and creates a report which is a list of possible suspects. The system is then evaluated by randomly selected Philippine National Police Officers (PNP Officer) and Philippine National Police Information Technology personnel (PNP IT Personnel) of Mandaue City. The Results show that 75% of the respondents are familiar with the Electronic-blotter (E-Blotter), with only 26.7% of them who are currently using it. 85% are familiar wi.
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This paper reviews modern crime analysis with regard to the research and educational challenges outlined by the University Consortium for Geographic Information Science. In the context of Geographical Information Systems (GIS), attention is devoted to the role that crime analysis currently and potentially plays in reducing crime and improving the efficiency of police activity. It is our aim to stimulate interest in advancing crime analysis in the areas of crime mapping and visualization. It is hoped that an outcome of this effort will be the attention that granting agencies may give to this rich and productive mixture of state-of-the-art technology and social responsibility.
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This work used Geographic Information Systems to create crime maps and analyze crime distribution within the Dansoman Police Subdivision in Accra, Ghana. It was done on a pilot basis and is intended to enable senior officers have a visual framework for prescribing action. Spatial data of 142 crime incidents namely Assault, Causing Damage, Defilement, Fraud, Rape, Robbery, Stealing and Unlawful Entry was analyzed using ArcGis®v10 software. A summary of the attribute table showed that Assault, Causing Damage and Unlawful Entry had the highest counts of 22 each while Rape and Stealing had the least counts of 12 each. Pin maps produced gave a graphical representation of crime locations against a backdrop of roads, existing police stations and district boundaries. Kernel density estimation maps showed the Mamprobi district had a high density of crime even though it was the smallest district. An average nearest neighbor spatial statistics analysis revealed that all incidents exhibited a random nature apart from Rape and Stealing which were statistically dispersed. None of the 8 crime types was found to be statistically clustered. The mean centers of the crimes were plotted and found to be within a 1 km radius.It is recommended that crime spatial data is collected over longer periods instead of a few months and should also include attribute data such as time, date and personal information of the perpetrators. The results of this analysis could be used as a predictive and tactical tool by the Ghana Police Service. 1. Introduction In general a Geographic Information System (GIS) can be described as a system of hardware, software, data and organizational structure for collecting, storing, manipulating and spatially analyzing geo-referenced data and displaying information resulting from these processes. A more detailed definition describes a GIS as any information management system that can: • Collect, store and retrieve information based on spatial location • Identify locations within a targeted environment that meet specific criteria • Explore relationships among data sets within that environment • Analyze the related data spatially as an aid to making decisions about that environment • Facilitate selecting and passing data to application-specific analytical models capable of assessing the impact of alternatives on the chosen environment; and • Display the selected environment both graphically and numerically either before or after analysis. The thread that is common to both definitions is that in a GIS, decisions are made based on spatial analyses performed on data sets that are referenced in a common geographical system. GIS has been applied in virtually every imaginable field of activity from engineering to agriculture and from medical science of epidemiology to wildlife management. (Ghilani and Wolf, 2012) The use of GIS in law enforcement, crime prevention and general policing is therefore not an entirely new phenomenon with much of the innovation in crime mapping being driven in the United States by the National Institute of Justice's Crime Mapping and Research Center (CRMC) later renamed as the Mapping and Analysis for Public Safety (MAPS). This has served as a foundation for the development of crime mapping in many countries worldwide. (Chainey and Ratcliff, 2005) Crime mapping is the direct application that comes from considering the inherent geography in crime. It combines the skills of people, the practical use of data and information, and the application of technology to capture, analyse, identify and respond to crime problems and improve policing performance. Crime mapping techniques can also be applied to other police data such as incidents, offenders, victims, stops and searches. (https://www.ucl.ac.uk/scs/people/academic-research-staff/spencer-chainey/Slides/Home_Office_CrimeMapping) Using GIS, crime analysts can overlay other datasets such as census demographics, locations of pawn shops, liquor shops and bars, schools, etc., to better understand the underlying causes of crime and help law enforcement administrators to devise strategies to deal with the problem. GIS is also useful for law enforcement operations, such as allocating police officers and dispatching to emergencies.
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Turkish Journal of Geosciences
In the dynamic structure of the 21st century, the fight against crime is of increasing interest to the whole society. Law enforcement agencies use crime maps in order to analyze all components of the crime and see them in a single window to develop various scientific strategies. Crime maps that have been used actively for the last 70 years have been given different capabilities with the recent developments in geographic information systems (GIS). In this way, effective crime analyzes can be made, crime prevention tactics and strategies can be developed. Crime information systems, which make it easier to see the events at the desired scale and make quick decisions, are actively used by every law enforcement unit. In some developed countries, crime maps are available to citizens. In our country, a study based on the general framework of a web-based crime information system was carried out with the survey method, which included expectations from the crime map on an international scale.
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Innovations in policing, like problem-oriented policing and hot spots policing, demand quantitative techniques to identify crime patterns across space. However, current crime mapping practice is monopolized by the use of proprietary GIS. This situation is unfortunate for police departments, especially in developing countries, that are ill-funded. This paper introduces free alternatives to proprietary computerized crime mapping GIS tools and information. By reviewing extant literature, mature free and open source desktop GIS tools and volunteered geographic information, which could be used in performing crime mapping routines, are identified. The viability of these programs for crime mapping purposes was then demonstrated through the analysis of property crimes (i.e. carnapping, robbery, and theft incidents) in Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental, Philippines (2010-2012). Considering the limited resources for crime prevention, the availability of free-of-cost resources for crime mapping provides police departments the opportunity to do more with less.
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International Journal of Computer Applications Technology and Research
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